Africa's Astonishing 250-Mile Artificial Lake: The World's Largest
When considering monumental human-made projects, artificial lakes often don't come to mind first. Typically, skyscrapers, bridges, and tunnels are the stars of engineering marvels. However, the world's largest man-made lake by surface area is a captivating feat in its own right.
This vast reservoir, formed by submerging entire villages and forests, dramatically altered the landscape. It led to the relocation of thousands while simultaneously generating power and revolutionizing regional transport. Lake Volta in Ghana covers an impressive 8,502 square kilometers, accounting for about 3.6% of the nation's land area.
Stretching roughly 250 miles (400 km) from north to south, Lake Volta emerged in the 1960s with the construction of the Akosombo Dam, designed to harness the Volta River's energy. The dam produces 912 megawatts of electricity, powering much of Ghana and even exporting energy to nearby countries like Togo and Benin.
However, the lake's creation came with significant sacrifices. Entire forests were submerged, and 78,000 people had to move as 15,000 homes and 740 villages were flooded. The project aimed to modernize the area and enhance fishing opportunities, yet it also disrupted traditional farming and livelihoods.
Despite these hurdles, Lake Volta has become an essential waterway, offering an economical transport route between Ghana's northern savanna and the coast.
One of the lake's most remarkable aspects is its islands. Dodi, Dwarf, and Kporve islands are nestled within its vast waters, with Dodi Island drawing tourists for boat excursions. The lake's western edge also hosts Digya National Park, a sanctuary rich in biodiversity.
Beyond tourism and transport, Lake Volta has fostered an unusual industry: harvesting submerged timber. Logging companies retrieve tropical hardwood from trees submerged during the lake's creation, providing an eco-friendly wood supply without felling existing forests.