Rodrigo Duterte has made history as the first former Asian leader to appear before the International Criminal Court (ICC), facing accusations of crimes against humanity linked to his harsh anti-drug campaign. This campaign, which allegedly resulted in up to 30,000 deaths, took place during his presidency in the Philippines from 2016 to 2022.
Duterte was apprehended in Manila following an ICC warrant and was swiftly flown to The Hague. At 79, he participated in the court proceedings via video link from a detention center, as the presiding judge acknowledged the challenges posed by his long journey and time zone differences.
During the hearing, Duterte, dressed in a blue suit, confirmed his identity and listened to the charges against him. His lawyer, Salvador Medialdea, claimed that Duterte had been forcibly taken from the Philippines, describing the situation as akin to kidnapping. Medialdea also cited Duterte's health issues as a reason for his limited participation, though the court's medical assessment found him mentally competent.
A pre-trial hearing is scheduled for September 23 to determine if the evidence warrants a full trial. If convicted, Duterte could face life imprisonment. His arrest followed dramatic resistance, including threats of legal action against police and a refusal to comply with procedures.
Upon arrival in The Hague, Duterte appeared composed and took responsibility for his actions in a social media video. His arrest has intensified tensions between his family and the Marcos family, with current President Ferdinand Marcos and Vice President Sara Duterte, Rodrigo's daughter, now at odds. Sara Duterte has traveled to support her father, calling his arrest an act of oppression, and sought to delay the court proceedings to strategize with him.
Duterte's presidency began with promises of a severe crackdown on drugs, leading to thousands of deaths, mostly in impoverished urban areas. Despite international condemnation, he maintained domestic popularity. His arrest has been welcomed by human rights advocates and victims' families, though it has also sparked protests in his political strongholds.
Duterte has previously defended his policies without apology, asserting they were in the nation's interest. Human rights groups and campaigners see his arrest as a step towards accountability.
Amnesty International's Rachel Chhoa-Howard emphasized the significance of the ICC proceedings, stating that it demonstrates no one is immune from the law. The ICC's chief prosecutor, Karim Khan, highlighted the importance of this moment for victims and the pursuit of international justice, underscoring the potential strength of international law when supported by collective efforts.